What does xeno free mean

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Stem Cell Res. Cell Signal. J Cell Biochem. Download references. The authors thank Prof. QM carried out the immunofluorescence assays and revised the manuscript.

JH carried out the karyotype of hESC studies and drafted the manuscript. DH participated in growth curve analysis and revised the manuscript. BC and participated in the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis, and helped to revise the manuscript. CZ and YX conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Canquan Zhou or Yanwen Xu. Reprints and Permissions. Zhang, D. Comparison of a xeno-free and serum-free culture system for human embryonic stem cells with conventional culture systems.

Stem Cell Res Ther 7, Download citation. Received : 21 February Revised : 14 May Accepted : 10 June Published : 30 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content.

Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Elimination of all animal components during derivation and long-term culture of human embryonic stem cells hESCs is necessary for future applications of hESCs in clinical cell therapy.

Conclusion The comparison of different xeno-free culture conditions will facilitate clarifying the key features of self-renewal, pluripotency, and derivation and will shed light on clinic applications of hESCs.

Background Human embryonic stem cells hESCs can differentiate into various cell types and possess great potential for cell-replacement therapy including treatment for diabetes, cardiac infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases [ 1 , 2 ].

Methods Human material and ethics statement The design and performance of this study conformed to the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration and our national legislation. Karyotype analysis of hESCs The genetic stability of hESCs grown in the xeno-free culture system was determined by examining the karyotype using a standard G-banding procedure.

Growth curve analysis hESCs were plated at a density of 40, cells per well and cultured in different medium. Statistical analysis All data were obtained from three replicate experiments. Full size image. Discussion As a renewable cell source for future regenerative medicine applications, the derivation, passaging, and culture of hESCs have attracted widespread attention [ 23 ].

Conclusion We have reported the development of a xeno-free and serum-free method for culturing hESCs. References 1. Article PubMed Google Scholar 2. While most of these terms began as a way to market new medium products and distinguish them from those containing serum, the result has been that without standardized definitions, it is difficult to know what components to expect in your media formulation. For example the terms serum-free, animal-component free, protein-free and chemically-defined all mean different things but can overlap and, depending on the media manufacturer, these terms can be used differently or even interchangeably.

For example, if a media is animal-component free, can it still contain human serum derived ingredients? After all, humans are animals. If a media is protein-free, can it contain peptides?

Do small proteins count? These are some of the many questions cell culture scientists face as they select new media. With so much confusion about what xeno-free actually means, you can see why it would be difficult for cell culture scientists to associate any significant value with that term. If these terms are well-defined and generally uniform throughout different sectors of the industry, it will help the scientific community to at least understand the value of , if not implement these ideas.

The benefits of an animal-free production system are numerous and significant, so it is important to clarify these concepts. In terms of cell culture, this would mean human cell lines can be cultured using human-derived components like human serum , and it is considered xeno-free, since there is no difference between species. This allows for the elimination of fetal bovine serum, the most commonly used serum type for the culture of mammalian cells. What is a xeno-free VERO medium?

According to the definition, medium that contains fetal bovine serum, human serum, or any serum or component derived from said serum that is not from the Chlorocebus sabaeus species would be xeno-free. However, when the term xeno-free is used, humans are typically considered to be in one category, and all other animals fall into the second category. This means that xeno-free media can contain human serum-derived components, but no components from animals other than humans.

Xeno-free does not mean serum-free, as some contain human serum. Xeno-free does not even guarantee animal-free, as most scientists define humans as animals. Xeno-free does not mean blood component-free as human blood components are often included. So despite all the nuances, most standard definitions of xeno-free mean that the media contains human serum components, but not non-human animal components.

Pluripotent stem cells and other clinically relevant stem cell types all have unique needs in order to proliferate and perform as they would in vivo. Finding suitable cell culture conditions that not only promote proliferation, but also maintain stem cell properties is a difficult task when it seems that the most optimal conditions rely on undefined biological substances and factors derived from serum, feeder cells, growth factors, and other supplements.

With this shift, new labels, such as xeno-free, have become increasing popular as a marketing tool for new product lines.